Therapeutic efficacy of quetiapine combined with magnesium valproate in schizophrenia: Impact on serum BDNF and GFAP levels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluates the clinical efficacy and biomarker effects of quetiapine combined with magnesium valproate in patients with schizophrenia. A total of 156 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to 2 groups: 1 received magnesium valproate monotherapy (n = 78), and the other received combined therapy with quetiapine and magnesium valproate (n = 78). Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and GFAP concentrations were measured before and after treatment. Clinical efficacy was assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and a schizophrenia-specific quality of life scale. Adverse events were monitored and compared. After 8 weeks of treatment, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations increased significantly in the combination group (628.63 ± 154.09 pg/mL) compared with the monotherapy group (520.78 ± 133.44 pg/mL, P < .001). Meanwhile, GFAP concentrations decreased to 2.16 ± 0.23 μg/L in the combination group versus 2.36 ± 0.30 μg/L in the monotherapy group (P < .001). Positive and negative syndrome scale total scores decreased more substantially in the combination group (101.41 ± 11.36 to 74.54 ± 8.41) than in the monotherapy group (101.33 ± 9.85 to 89.22 ± 9.06, P < .001). Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores improved to 26.15 ± 3.36 in the combination group compared with 22.24 ± 3.64 in the monotherapy group (P < .001). Quality of life scores also improved more in the combination group (total: 73.41 ± 5.49) than in the monotherapy group (82.92 ± 5.57, P < .001; lower scores indicate better quality of life). The incidence of adverse reactions was comparable between groups, occurring in 8 of 78 patients (10.26%) in the combination group and 7 of 78 patients (8.97%) in the monotherapy group (χ²=0.074, P = .786). Quetiapine combined with magnesium valproate offers superior clinical benefits over monotherapy in patients with schizophrenia. It significantly improves psychiatric symptoms, cognitive function, and quality of life, likely through modulation of neurotrophic and glial activity, with good tolerability and safety.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".