Resting Cerebrovascular Haemodynamics and Dynamic Assessment of Cerebrovascular Function in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective Despite an increased cerebrovascular disease risk, the impact of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) on cerebrovascular haemodynamics and function is unknown. This study characterised cerebrovascular haemodynamics and function in women with PCOS versus healthy controls. Design Case‐control study. Patients Fifteen women with PCOS (age: 31 ± 6 years; body mass index (BMI): 31.8 ± 5.7 kg/m 2 ) and 16 controls (age: 30 ± 7 years; BMI: 29.9 ± 5.5 kg/m 2 ). Measurements Resting global cerebral blood (CBF) was assessed by 3T MRI. Middle‐ and posterior cerebral artery blood velocities (MCAv, PCAv) were measured by Doppler ultrasound and pulsatility index (MCA PI , PCA PI ) calculated. Neurovascular coupling (NVC), internal carotid artery cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR CO2 ) and dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) directional sensitivity were assessed using a visual stimulus, 6% fixed‐inspired CO 2 and repeated squat‐stand manoeuvres, respectively. Results Resting CBF (PCOS: 57.2 ± 7.5 ml/100 g/min; controls: 61.6 ± 11.6 ml/100 g/min, p = 0.25) and MCAv, PCAv, MCA PI and PCA PI (all p > 0.05) were similar between groups. NVC (14 ± 4.9% vs. 13 ± 3.4%, p = 0.45), CVR CO2 (5.1 ± 1.9% vs. 6.5 ± 2.9%, p = 0.20) and dCA directional sensitivity were similar between groups. However, women with PCOS had elevated relative PCA PI during NVC (PCOS: 12.0 ± 5.6% vs. controls: 7.0 ± 3.8%, p = 0.04), and impaired vasodilation of the internal carotid artery during CVR CO2 (PCOS: −0.10 ± 0.22 mm vs. controls: 0.18 ± 0.24 mm, p < 0.01). Conclusions Cerebrovascular function is largely preserved in women with PCOS, although elevated arterial pulsatility and impaired vasodilatory response to carbon dioxide may indicate early endothelial dysfunction in the cerebral vasculature. Larger studies are needed to confirm this in view of our limited study power.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".