The impact of venous ligation on erectile dysfunction in young patients with an abnormal dorsal penile vein
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a significant issue that adversely affects the quality of life in young men. Venous leakage is a common etiologic factors of ED. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of venous ligation applied to incidentally detected dorsal penile vein anomalies during penoscrotal surgeries. METHODS: The study included 32 young male patients who presented with ED and underwent surgery for penoscrotal pathology (e.g., varicocele, hydrocele, spermatocele), during which an isolated dorsal penile vein anomaly was concurrently ligated. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at three and six months postoperatively using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Postoperative erectile response, patient satisfaction, and the presence of complications were also evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age was 33.1±5.4 years. The median operative time was 20 minutes (18-25), and the median followup duration was six months (6-9). The median IIEF-5 score increased from 18 (17-19) preoperatively to 21 (20-22) at three months and 22 (22-24) at six months (p1<0.001, p2<0.001, p3<0.001). Patient satisfaction improved significantly, with median satisfaction scores of 8 (8-9) at three months and 9 (8-10) at six months (p3<0.001). The need for PDE5i therapy decreased markedly, from 100% preoperatively to 56.2% at three months and 31.3% at six months (p1<0.001, p2<0.001, p3<0.001). No perioperative or postoperative complications were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Venous ligation applied to incidentally detected dorsal penile vein anomalies during penoscrotal surgeries represents an effective and reliable therapeutic option for young patients with ED.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".