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Clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of enterococcal infective endocarditis: an ancillary study from the ESC-EORP EURO-ENDO registry
Mary Philip, Robinson Gravier Dumonceau, Rodolfo Citro, Bernard Cosyns, Erwan Donal, Paola Anna Erba, Frédérique Gouriet, William Kong, Aldo P. Maggioni, Julien Mancini, Bogdan A. Popescu, Bernard Prendergast, Antonia Sambola, Shantanu P. Sengupta, Ana Teresa Timóteo, Christophe Tribouilloy, Joost van Melle, Roch Giorgi, Roberto Ferrari, J. J. Bax, Carina Blomström‐Lundqvist, S. Gielen, Patrizio Lancellotti, N Maniadakis, Fausto J. Pinto, Frank Ruschitzka, L Tavazzi, P Vardas, F Weidinger, Uwe Zeymer, Alec Vahanian, Andrzej Budaj, Nikolaos Dagres, Victoria Delgado, Jonathan Emberson, Örjan Friberg, Chris P Gale, Gr. Heyndrickx, B Iung, Sherman A. James, G Parati, A-S Petronio, Mikko Pietilä, E Prescott, Frank Ruschitzka, Frans Van de Werf, Gilbert Habib, Bernard Iung, Pilar Tornos, Nora Nabila Ali Tatar-Chentir, Mouaz H. Al‐Mallah, Meriam Åström Aneq, George Athanassopoulos, Luigi P. Badano, S. Benyoussef, Erick Calderón-Aranda, Nuno Cardim, Kwan‐Leung Chan, Ines Cruz, Thor Edvardsen, Georg Goliasch, Gilbert Habib, Andreas Hagendorff, Krasimira Hristová, Otto Kamp, Duk‐Hyun Kang, William Kong, С.Т. Мацкеплишвили, Marwa Meshaal, M Mirocevic, Aleksandar Nešković, Edyta Płońska‐Gościniak, Maha Raissouni, Ricardo Ronderos, Leyla Elif Sade, Anita Sadeghpour, Shantanu Sengupta, Jadranka Šeparović Hanževački, Masaaki Takeuchi, Edwin S. Tucay, Ana Clara Tude Rodrigues, Albert Varga, Jolanta Justina Vaškelytė, Kentaro Yamagata, Kyriakos Yiangou, Hosam Zaky, Gustavo Avegliano, P. Fernandez Oses, Eduardo Filipini, Isabel Granada, Ana Iribarren, M Mahia, F Nacinovich, S Ressi, R Obregon, M Bangher, J Dho, Luis R Cartasegna, M. Plastino, V Novas, C Shigel, Graciela Reyes, Natalio Gastaldello, M Granillo Fernandez, M Potito, Gisela Streitenberger, P Velazco, José Casabé, Claudia P. Cortés, Eduardo Guevara, Fabián Salmo, M Seijo, Franz Weidinger, Maria Heger, Renee L. Brooks, Claudia Stöllberger, Carolyn Y. Ho, Leonard Perschy, L Puskas, Christian Binder, Raphaël Rosenhek, M Schneider, M-P Winter, E Hoffer, M Melissopoulou, E Lecoq, D. Legrand, Sandrine Jacquet, M Massoz, Luc Piérard, Raluca Dulgheru, Stella Marchetta, C D ́Emal, Cécile Oury, Steven Droogmans, D. Kerkhove, Andreea Motoc, D. Plein, B Roosens, L Soens, Caroline Weytjens, I Lemoine, Inez Rodrigus, Bernard P. Paelinck, Bram J. Amsel, Philippe Unger, Déborah Konopnicki, C. Beauloye, Agnès Pasquet, S Pierard, David Vancraeynest, Jean‐Louis Vanoverschelde, F Sinnaeve, José Lázaro Andrade, Kamila Fernanda Staszko, R Dos Santos Monteiro, Marcelo Haertel Miglioranza, D L Shuha, M Alcantara, V Cravo, L Fazzio, Ana Félix, M Iso, C Musa, Ana Paula dos Reis Velloso Siciliano, Fábio Villaça Guimarães Filho, Juarez R. Braga, R Silva, F Vilela, Daniela Laranja Gomes Rodrigues, L Silva, Samira Saady Morhy, Cláudio Henrique Fischer, Marcelo Luiz Campos Vieira, T Afonso, J. Abreu, Sandra Nívea dos Reis Saraiva Falcão, Valdir Ambrósio Moisés, Agostinho Pinto Gouvêa, G João, Francesco M. Mancuso, C. Silva, Ana Carolina Mello Fontoura de Souza, Cely Saad Abboud, Rodrigo Bellio de Mattos Barretto, A Ramos, Renato Tambellini Arnoni, Jorge Eduardo Assef, Dorival Júlio Della Togna, David Le Bihan, L. Miglioli, A P Romero Oliveira, Roberto Tadeu Magro Kroll, Daniel Cortez, Cláudio Léo Gelape, M d C Peirira Nunes, Teresa Cristina Abreu Ferrari, KL Chan, Kevin A. Hay, V. Le, Mathieu Page, Frédéric Poulin, Claude Sauvé, Karim Serri, Chantal Mercure, J Beaudoin, Philippe Pîbarot, Igal A. Sebag, Lawrence Rudski, G Ricafort, Bruno Baršić, Vladimir Krajinović, Martina Vargović, J Separovic-Hanzevacki, Daniel Lovrić, V Reskovic-Luksic, Josip Vincelj, Sandra Jakšić Jurinjak, V Yiannikourides, Marios Ioannides, Chara Kyriakou, C Pofaides, V Masoura, K Yiangou, Jiří Pudich, Aleš Linhart, Michal Širanec, J Marek, K Blechova, Mirt Kamenik, Michal Pazderník, Radek Pelouch, Zdeněk Coufal, M Mikulica, Martin Gřiva, Eva Jančová, M Mikulcova, M Taborsky, Jan Přeček, Markéta Ječmenová, J Látal, J Widimský, T Butta, S Machacek, R Vancata, Jindřich Špinar, Mária Holická, F Pow Chon Long, N Anzules, Arturo Carpio, G Largacha, Ernesto Peñaherrera, Davide Moreira, E Mahfouz, E Elsafty, Amel M. Soliman, Yazan Zayed, J Aboulenein, M Abdel-Hay, Abdallah Almaghraby, Mahmoud Abdelnaby, Mustafa I. Ahmed, Basma Hammad, Yehia Saleh, Hatice S. Zahran, O Elgebaly, Aly M A Saad, Mohammed Ali, A Zeid, Reham El Sharkawy, A Al Kholy, Ramy Doss, Dina Osama, Hussien Rizk, A Elmogy, M Mishriky, Patrick Assayag, Safwane El Hatimi, Élisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Saveria Campisi, J-F Fuzellier, Amandine Gagneux‐Brunon, Romain Pierrard, C. Tulane, M Detoc, T Mehalla, D Boutoille, Ousama Al Habash, N Asseray-Madani, Charlotte Biron, Julia Brochard, J. Caillon, C Cueff, Thierry Le Tourneau, Anne-Sophie Lecompte, R. Lecomte, M. Lefèbvre, M. Michel, S. Pattier, S Delarue, M. Le Bras, Jéremie Orain, J-F Faucher, Victor Aboyans, A Beeharry, H. Durox, Maximiliano Otero Lacoste, Julien Magné, Dania Mohty, Anthony S. David, V. Pradel, Victor Sierra, A. Neykova, B Bettayeb, S Elkentaoui, B. Tzvetkov, Gregory J. Landry, C. Strady, K Ainine, S. Baumard, Camille Brasselet, C Tassigny, V Valente-Pires, Marie‐Paule Lefranc, Bruno Hoën, Benjamin Lefèvre, Elodie Curlier, C Callier, N Fourcade, Yannick Jobic, S Ansard, Rozenn Le Berre, Philippe Roux, Florent Le Ven, M-C Pouliquen, Gemma Prat, F Bouchart, A. Savouré, C. Alarçon, C. Chapuzet, I. Gueït, C Tribouilloy, Yohann Bohbot, Fanny Peugnet, Mesut Gun, Xavier Duval, X. Lescure, Emila Ilic-Habensus, Nicolas Sadoul, Christine Selton‐Suty, François Alla, Elodie Chevalier, François Goehringer, Olivier Huttin, Rosa García, V Le Marcis, Pierre Tattevin, E Donal, Erwan Flécher, Matthieu Revest, S. Hubert, J-P Casalta, Florent Arregle, Serge Cammilleri, Laurent Tessonnier, Alberto Ribéri, C. Chirouze, Kévin Bouiller, A-S Brunel, Pierre‐Edouard Fournier, Laurent Hustache‐Mathieu, Timothée Klopfenstein, J Moreau, Pitt Lim, Léopold Oliver, Julien Ternacle, Amina Moussafeur, P. Chavanet, Lionel Piroth, M. Buisson, Sophie Mahy, Carolina Castro Martins, A Salmon-Rousseau, Sandrine Gohier, C. Piper, Jochen Börgermann, Denise Guckel, D Horstkotte, B Brockmeier, Eliane Roseli Winkelmann, Douglas Grey, Georg Nickenig, Robert Schueler, Cihat Öztürk, Elisabeth Stöhr, Christian W. Hamm, Thomas Walther, Reynaldo André Brandt, A-C Frühauf, Christine Hartung, Clara Hellner, C. Wild, Miriam Becker, Satoshi Hamada, W. Kaestner, Karl Stangl, Fabian Knebel, Gerd Baldenhofer, Anna Brecht, Henryk Dreger, C Isner, Frieder Pfäfflin, Miriam Stegemann, Ralf Zahn, B. Fraiture, Caroline Kilkowski, A-K Karcher, S Klinger, H Tolksdorf, Dimitris Tousoulis, Constadina Aggeli, G. Sarri, Skevos Sideris, Erifili Venieri, Dimitris Tsiapras, I Armenis, A Koutsiari, G Floros, C. Grassos, Stylianos Dragasis, Lοukianos S. Rallidis, Charalampos Varlamos, Lampros K. Michalis, Katerina Κ. Naka, Aris Bechlioulis, Anna Kotsia, Λάμπρος Λάκκας, Κωνσταντίνος Παππάς, Constantinos Papadopoulos, S Kiokas, Athina Lioni, S Misailidou, John Barbetseas, Μaria Bonou, Chris J. Kapelios, I Tomprou, Kanella Zerva, Athanasios Manolis, E. Hamodraka, Dimitrios Athanasiou, G Haralambidis, H Samaras, A Nagy, Andrea Bartykowszki, Edit Gara, Kunda Mungulmare, Ravi R. Kasliwal, Manish Bansal, A Bhan, S Ranjan, Majid Kyavar, Majid Maleki, F Noohi Bezanjani, Azin Alizadehasl, Shabnam Boudagh, A Ghavidel, Pardis Moradnejad, Hamid Reza Pasha, Behshid Ghadrdoost, Dan Gilon, Jacob Strahilevitz, Sarah Israel, Maor Wanounou, Carlo D’Agostino, Paolo Colonna, Lucrezia De Michele, F Fumarola, M Stante, N Marchionni, Valentina Scheggi, B Alterini, Stefano Del Pace, Pierluigi Stefàno, Clotilde Sparano, L P Badano, Denisa Muraru, N Ruozi, R Tenaglia, Ugo Limbruno, Alberto Cresti, Pasquale Baratta, Marco Solari, Cristina Giannattasio, Antonella Moreo, Benedetta De Chiara, Beatriz Montero, F Musca, C A Orcese, Francesca Panzeri, Claudio Russo, F. Spano, Ottavio Alfieri, Michele De Bonis, Eustachio Agricola, Elena Busnardo, Silvia Carletti, Barbara Castiglioni, Stefania Chiappetta, Benedetto Del Forno, David Ferrara, Monica Guffanti, Giuseppe Iaci, E Lapenna, Teodora Nisi, Chiara Oltolini, U. Pajoro, Renée Pasciuta, Marco Ripa, Paolo Scarpellini, Chiara Tassan Din, Roberta Meneghin, Davide Schiavi, Federico Piscione, Rossella Maria Benvenga, Luigi Greco, Cristina Prota, I Radano, L Soriente, Michele Bellino, Davide Di Vece, Francesco Santini, Antonio Salsano, G M Olivieri, F Turrini, R Messora, Stefano Tondi, Andreea Olaru, Virginia Agnoletto, L Grassi, Claudia Leonardi, S Sansoni, Stefano del Ponte, Guglielmo Mario Actis Dato, Andrea De Martino, Nobuyuki Ohte, Shohei Kikuchi, Kazuaki Wakami, Kazutaka Aonuma, Yu Bin Seo, Tomoko Ishizu, Tomoko Machino‐Ohtsuka, Masae Yamamoto, N Iida, Hidemitsu Nakajima, Yu Nakagawa, Chisato Izumi, Masashi Amano, Makoto Miyake, Kosuke Takahashi, Ichiro Shiojima, Yoko Miyasaka, Hirofumi Maeba, Yoshinobu Suwa, Naoyuki Taniguchi, Satoshi Tsujimoto, Takeshi Kitai, Masao Ôta, Satoshi Yuda, S Sasaki, N Hagiwara, K Yamazaki, K Ashihara, K Arai, Chihiro Saitou, S Saitou, G Suzuki, Yuichi Shibata, Naoki Watanabe, Shun Nishino, Kohei Ashikaga, Nagato Kuriyama, Keitaro Mahara, Kyohei Abe, H Fujimaki, Takashi Okubo, Hidemasa Shitan, S Takanashi, M Terada, Haruko Yamamoto, Masafumi Sata, Hirotsugu Yamada, Kenya Kusunose, Yasuaki Saijo, Haruo Seno, Yukio Sakata, Hiroya Mizuno, Satoshi Nakatani, T Onishi, K. Sengoku, Francesco Sera, Seung Woo Park, K Eun Kyoung, L Ga Yeon, J-w Hwang, C Jin-Oh, L Sang-Chol, C Sung-A, Se Yong Jang, D-H Kang, Ran Heo, Sak Lee, E. Jung, Jurgita Plisienė, A Dambrauskaite, G Gruodyte, Regina Jonkaitienė, J Vaskelyte, Vaida Mizarienė, J Atkocaityte, Rūta Žvirblytė, Rouguiatou Sow, A. Codreanu, E Chamorro-De Vega, C. Michaux, T. Staub, L Jacobs-Orazi, C. Mallia Azzopardi, Robert G. Xuereb, T. Piscopo, David Borg, Ramon Casha, James Farrugia, M Fenech, E Pllaha, Ciro Vella, Kazufumi Yamagata, L Grib, Elena Raevschi, Gheorghe G. Balan, I Cardaniuc, L Cardaniuc, V Corcea, A Feodorovici, V Gaina, L Girbu, Pavlina Jimbei, D Kravcenco, E Panfile, E Prisacari, S Samohvalov, N Sceglova, I Benesco, V Marian, N Sumarga, B Božović, Nebojša Bulatović, P Lakovic, Ljilja Musić, Jolien W. Roos‐Hesselink, Ricardo P.J. Budde, T Gamela, Ali R. Wahadat, T Meijers, Joost P. van Melle, Vincent M. van Deursen, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, S Bekkers, Emile C. Cheriex, M Gilbers, Bas Kietselaer, Christian Knackstedt, Roberto Lorusso, Simon Schalla, S Streukens, S Chamuleau, M-J Cramer, Arco J. Teske, T Van der Spoel, A Wind, O Liesbek, J Lokhorst, H Van Heusden, Wilco Tanis, Ivo van der Bilt, Joris W.J. Vriend, H De Lange-van Bruggen, E Karijodikoro, Robert K. Riezebos, Elise van Dongen, J Schoep, V Stolk, Olivier Axler, Florian Baumann, S Lebras, J T Offstad, J O Beitnes, Thomas Helle-Valle, Helge Skulstad, Rita Skårdal, Nadeem Qamar, Shumaila Furnaz, Bina Ahmed, M H Butt, M F Khanzada, Tahir Saghir, A Wahid, T Hryniewiecki, Piotr Szymański, Karolina Marzec, M Misztal-Ogonowska, Wojciech Kosmala, Amanda Rojek, K Woznicka, J Zachwyc, Anna Lisowska, M. Kamińska, Jarosław D. Kasprzak, Ewelina Kowalczyk, D F Strzecka, Paulina Wejner‐Mik, M Trabulo, P Freitas, Sara Ranchordás, Gabriel Rodrigues, Patrícia Pinto, Catarina Queirós, J Azevedo, L Marques, Daniel Seabra, Luísa Moura Branco, Madalena Coutinho Cruz, A Galrinho, Rita Ilhão Moreira, Pedro Rio, Mafalda Selas, Vanda Carmelo, Bernardo Neves, Henrique Pereira, I Cruz, Andrea Guerra, A Marques, I Pintassilgo, Mirela Tomescu, Minodora Andor, A Bordejevic, H S Branea, Florin Alexandru Căruntu, Liviu Cirin, Ioana Mihaela Citu, Coralia Cotoraci, D Darabantiu, R. Farcas, Iosif Marincu, Adelina Mavrea, Mustafa Önel, T Parvanescu, Dana Pop, Adina Pop‐Moldovan, M I Puticiu, L A Velcean, A. Ionac, Dragoș Cozma, Cristian Mornoş, F Goanta, I Popescu, Ruxandra Beyer, Razvan O. Mada, Raluca Rancea, Ştefan Horia Roşian, Raluca Tomoaia, Cristina Stănescu, Zhanna Kobalava, J Karaulova, E. O. Kotova, A Milto, A Pisaryuk, N Povalyaev, Maria Sorokina, Jamilah AlRahimi, A Elshiekh, Abdulrahman Jamiel, Amjad Ahmed, N. Attia, B Putnikovic, Andreja Dimić, Branislava Ivanović, S Matić, D Trifunovic, Jelena Petrović, D Kosevic, P Dabic, Predrag Milojević, Ivana Petrović, Ivana Stojanović, Ilija Srdanović, M Kovacević, Aleksandar Redžek, Maja Stefanović, Lazar Velicki, Aleksandra Vulin, Tiong Cheng Yeo, Kian Keong Poh, Isidre Vilacosta, Mahmoud Abd El-Nasser, C Ferrera, Carmen Olmos, Francisco Calvo, E Blanco-Gonzalez, M Bravo Amaro, A. Nodar Germiñas, E Lopez-Rodriguez, J Lugo Adan, Pablo Pazos-López, M Pereira Loureiro, Maria T. Perez, Sergio Raposeiras‐Roubín, S Rasheed Yas, M-M Suarez-Varela, F Vasallo Vidal, David García‐Dorado, Nuria Fernández‐Hidalgo, Teresa González‐Alujas, J Lozano, Olga Maisterra, Natalia Pizzi, Raquel Ríos, P. Tornos, Antoni Bayés‐Genís, L Pedro Botet, Núria Vallejo, E. Berastegui, C Llibre, Lourdes Mateu, D Quesada, D Bosch Portell, X Bertrán, R Brugada Tarradellas, C Tiron de Llano, Miguel Á. Arnau, A. Bel, Marino Blanes, A. Osa, M Anguita, Fernando Carrasco, Francisco Javier Castillo, J. L. Zamorano, José Luis Moya Mur, M Alvaro, Covadonga Fernández‐Golfín, Enrique Navas, MICHELLE CARRASQUEL ALVAREZ, J Agüero Balbín, Carlos Armiñanzas, F Arnaiz de las Revillas, A Arnaiz Garcia, Manuel Cobo Belaustegui, Marta Fernández Sampedro, Manuel Cuadra, J.F. Gutiérrez-Díez, Jesús Zarauza, L García Cuello, Claudia González-Rico, Regino Rodríguez, Josune Goikoetxea, Miguel Montejo, José M. Miró, Manuel Almela, Juan Ambrosioni, Carlos Falces, David Fuster, C Garcia-de-la-Maria, Marta Hernández‐Meneses, Juan Llopis, Francesc Marco, Asunción Moreno, Eduard Quintana, Enrique Sandoval, Adrián Téllez, J M Tolosana, Bárbara Vidal, Isabel Ruíz-Zamora, E. Sanz, Graciano García‐Pardo, M Guillen Marzo, A Rodriguez Oviedo, A Villares Jimenez, L Abid, Rania Hammami, S. Kammoun, Mohamed Sami Mourali, Manel Ben Hlima, S. Boudiche, S. Ouali, Lilia Zakhama, S Antit, I. Ben Slama, Okan Gülel, Müjgan Ayşenur Şahin, Emir Karaçağlar, Özge Çetinarslan, U S Yasar, Uğur Canpolat, Bülent Mutlu, Hakan Ataş, R Dervishova, Çiğdem İleri, H Zaky, J Alhashmi, F Baslib, J Tahir, P Zarger, Simon Woldman, Luanna Silva Monteiro Menezes, C Primus, Rakesh Uppal, I Bvekerwa, Badrinathan Chandrasekaran, A Kopanska, B D Prendergast, Stefano Cannata, Jeffrey W. Chambers, Jane Hancock, John L. Klein, Ronak Rajani, Maria Paola Ursi, Rafał Dworakowski, A Fife, John Breeze, M Browne-Morgan, M. Gunning, S Streather, Federico M. Asch, M Zemedkun, B. A. Alyavi, Jamol Uzokov
Bibliographic record
VenueEuropean Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicInfective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
Canadian institutionsHealth Care Foundation
FundersAbbott VascularNovartis PharmaSanofi AustraliaAstraZeneca Pharma PolandServierMount Sylvia DiatomiteBoston Scientific CorporationMerck KGaADaiichi Sankyo EuropeSanofiAmgenPfizerGedeon RichterBoehringer Ingelheim EspañaBoston Scientific JapanBayerBristol-Myers SquibbEli Lilly and CompanyAstraZenecaResMed
KeywordsEnterococcusEpidemiologyMEDLINEDiseasePopulation
Abstract
AIMS: Enterococcal infective endocarditis (EIE) represents a growing proportion of infective endocarditis (IE) cases, particularly among elderly and comorbid patients. EIE poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, notably regarding optimal antimicrobial therapy and surgical decision-making. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of EIE vs. non-enterococcal IE (NEIE) in the ESC-EORP EURO-ENDO registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: This ancillary analysis of the prospective EURO-ENDO registry included adult patients with definite or possible IE enrolled between January 2016 and March 2018. Patients with monomicrobial EIE were compared with those with NEIE. Clinical, microbiological, imaging, and therapeutic data were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression including EuroSCORE II and valve status identified independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Among 3083 patients, 365 (12%) had monomicrobial EIE. Compared with NEIE, EIE patients were older (mean 68 vs. 58 years), had more comorbidities, and more frequent prosthetic valve involvement (41% vs. 26%). Aortic valve localization and colonic uptake on PET/CT were also more common. In-hospital mortality was similar (16% vs. 17%). After adjustment for EuroSCORE II and valve status, EIE was not independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR 0.67 [95% confidence interval 0.42-1.04]; P = 0.083). Among 195 EIE patients with 1-year follow-up, recurrence occurred in 6%. Healthcare-associated acquisition, prosthetic valve infection, and recurrence were associated with worse outcomes and lower surgical rates. CONCLUSION: EIE affects older, high-risk patients. After adjustment for operative risk, mortality was comparable to other aetiologies, highlighting the need for tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.002
Threshold uncertainty score0.011
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.080
GPT teacher head0.448
Teacher spread0.368 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes