Development of a Low-Cost Reconfigurable Underwater Acoustic Modem for AUV Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Communication with autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) is critical for oceanographic research, energy exploration, and military applications. Acoustic waves offer a promising method for reliable, long-range communication underwater, but existing commercial options are expensive, bulky, and closed-source, while open-source alternatives suffer from low data rates, high bit error rates, limited range, limited customizability, and lack of compliance with international standards. This paper presents OpenAquatix, a new opensource underwater acoustic modem designed to address these limitations. OpenAquatix features a compact, low-cost design, centered around an STM32H723 microcontroller with integrated digital signal processing capabilities. The system implements a modular hardware architecture with a main processing board and a detachable daughter card providing Ethernet and WiFi connectivity. OpenAquatix supports multiple operating modes for power optimization and offers extensive reconfigurability through a text-based human-machine interface with 30 adjustable parameters. The modem implements both custom protocols and full compliance with the NATO JANUS standard for underwater acoustic communication (excluding medium access control). Signal processing capabilities include frequency-shift keying (FSK) and frequency hopped binary frequency-shift keying (FH-BFSK) modulation with configurable baud rates from <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$10-1000 \mathrm{b} / \mathrm{s}$</tex>, multiple forward error correction (FEC) schemes, various error detection methods, and advanced synchronization techniques. The system has been tested in controlled water tank, pool, and lake environments, demonstrating its potential as a flexible, cost-effective solution for underwater acoustic communication research and AUV applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".