Concanamycins Are Key Contributors to the Virulence of the Potato Common Scab Pathogen <scp> <i>Streptomyces scabiei</i> </scp>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The soil-dwelling bacterium Streptomyces scabiei is distributed worldwide and is the best-characterised causative agent of common scab disease, which impacts potato crops and causes significant economic losses to growers. The principal pathogenicity factor responsible for common scab development is the phytotoxin thaxtomin A, which functions as a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor in plants. S. scabiei also produces polyketide compounds belonging to the concanamycin family, which serve as inhibitors of eukaryotic vacuolar-type ATPases and have been shown to exhibit phytotoxic activity against different plant species. It has been proposed that concanamycins contribute to the virulence of S. scabiei, but direct evidence of this has been lacking. Using constructed strains of S. scabiei that are either unable to produce concanamycins or produce elevated levels of the metabolites, we showed that concanamycins enhance the severity of disease symptoms induced by S. scabiei on radish seedlings and potato tuber tissue. We demonstrated that concanamycin production is controlled by two regulatory genes that are situated within the concanamycin biosynthetic gene cluster, and that production of concanamycins and thaxtomin A by S. scabiei is modulated by different nutritional signals. The concanamycin biosynthetic gene cluster is conserved in other common scab-causing Streptomyces spp., suggesting that these metabolites may function as important virulence determinants in multiple phytopathogenic species. Overall, this study expands our understanding of the molecular factors that enable plant host colonisation and common scab disease development by S. scabiei.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".