Regiodivergent Switchable N1- and C3-Alkylation of Indoles with Grignard Reagents Based on Umpolung Strategy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Herein, we present a regiodivergent method for N1- and C3-alkylation of indoles with reversed polarity, triggered by the incorporation of a benzoyloxy leaving group at the N1-position. This approach employs Grignard reagents as versatile nucleophiles, in contrast to conventional regiodivergent indole alkylation methods that rely on alkenes as alkylation reagents. The key to achieving switchable regioselectivity is our discovery that cyclic ether solvents can suppress background N1-alkylation, allowing copper catalysis to selectively divert reactivity toward the C3-position. This reaction system exhibits complete conversion, nearly absolute regioselectivity, and excellent yields across a broad scope of Grignard reagents and substrates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".