Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This volume reviews our scientific understanding of sleep, summarizing current knowledge related to its regulation, its functions, and the consequences of inadequate sleep, primarily in people. The first part outlines the historical development of research on sleep and circadian rhythms and introduces the principal methods used in human sleep and circadian rhythms research. The second part reviews the variables that affect human sleep, including development and aging, homeostatic and circadian regulators, and cultural and environmental factors. It also reviews similarities and differences in sleep in other species. A third part reviews the physiological mechanisms regulating sleep and circadian rhythms, including the roles of the circadian pacemaker, melatonin, key neurotransmitters, and other neurochemicals. It also addresses how brain mechanisms alter consciousness during sleep while permitting awareness of some environmental events. A fourth part discusses the impact of sleep duration and quality on cognitive functions, and on many aspects of human health and disease. It discusses the relations between sleep and metabolic and vascular diseases, immune system function, pain sensitivity, mood and anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease. A final part introduces models of the functions of sleep, reviews the evidence that sleep is involved in neural plasticity and memory consolidation, and describes the physiological mechanisms by which sleep affects memory. Three appendices discuss dreaming and its regulation, the impact of obstructive sleep apnea, and narcolepsy and the immune system. A fourth appendix describes the major neuroscience tools commonly used to study sleep regulation, including their strengths and weaknesses.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".