Covert Communication Toward an Aerial Warden in NOMA-Based UAV-MEC Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) enables multiple terminal devices to simultaneously share wireless resources, providing efficient computing offloading services for wireless devices in networks that integrate unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with mobile edge computing (MEC). However, the broadcast characteristics of UAV line-of-sight (LoS) communication introduce serious security issues for NOMA-based UAV-MEC systems, especially when facing an aerial warden. To address this issue, we propose a covert communication scheme for NOMA-based UAV-MEC systems against an aerial warden, where the aerial warden monitors the task offloading behavior of terminal devices. In the proposed scheme, the average computing capacity is maximized by jointly optimizing the UAV trajectory and system resources while ensuring the covert performance requirements. Firstly, considering the terminal devices have a fixed number of computing tasks, a block coordinate descent (BCD)-based algorithm is proposed, which decomposes the non-convex original problem into several subproblems and solves them iteratively. Secondly, considering the case of dynamic tasks arrival at terminal devices, we propose a double-deep Q-learning (DDQN)-based algorithm, where the optimal strategy for trajectory planning and resource allocation is obtained. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme using two algorithms outperform their respective baselines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".