Learning Phase-Flip Noise Using Balanced Datasets and Hybrid Models for Noise Classification in Quantum Circuits
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Quantum computing promises unparalleled computational power, but its practical implementation is hampered by quantum noise, which affects the reliability of quantum circuits. This paper addresses the critical challenge of noise classification in NISQ ‘Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum’ algorithms, focusing on bit flip, phase flip, and depolarising noise. We introduce a novel balanced quantum noise dataset generated through random quantum circuits, ensuring comprehensive coverage of various noise types and intensities. Additionally, we develop a hybrid quantum-classical machine learning model that achieves over 85% accuracy in classifying bit flip and depolarising noise, and perfect accuracy in detecting phase flip noise under our simulation conditions. Our approach builds on a dual quantum architecture, utilising IBM Qiskit for dataset generation and Pennylane for model training. These simulation results indicate potential improvements for noise-aware modelling and error mitigation; however, we emphasise that translating this performance to physical devices requires further validation due to hardware-specific decoherence and calibration effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".