Channel modeling and capacity optimization for optical RIS aided NOMA in indoor multiuser visible light communication IoT systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work explores solutions for addressing challenges in visible light communication (VLC) within 5G networks, particularly for indoor environments and green Internet of Things (IoT) applications, while considering the evolving demands of 6G networks. These demands include higher spectral efficiency (SE), enhanced data rates, reduced complexity, and reliable quality of service (QoS) for users with varying mobility. The proposed solution integrates optical reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (ORIS)-aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology with a novel non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmission system employing discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal time-frequency space (DFT-s-OTFS) modulation. This framework enhances spatial diversity, optimizes bandwidth, minimizes Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), and improves power allocation. By leveraging OTFS modulation, the system supports delay-Doppler (DD) channels and ensures better control over VLC-IoT environments with physical layer security (PLS). A VLC channel model incorporating MIMO technologies for ORIS-aided NOMA-OTFS systems is developed, addressing a capacity maximization problem that considers transceiver parameters, RIS reflections, transmit power, and DD channels. An optimal solution is achieved using a relaxation algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed ORIS-aided DFT-s-OTFS-based NOMA-MIMO VLC system outperforms the ORIS-assisted OFDM regarding bit error rate (BER), significantly improving channel capacity, SE, and security rates. These findings provide valuable insights for advancing optical RIS-assisted MIMO-VLC technologies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".