Nonapeptide cell size differs between male morphs of the West African cichlid, <scp> <i>Pelvicachromis pulcher</i> </scp>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alternative male morphs are found in many species of fishes. These morphs often differ in suites of social behaviours, such as aggression and territoriality, associated with alternative reproductive tactics. Such consistent morph-typical behavioural profiles suggest common differences in underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms. The nonapeptide hormones oxytocin and vasotocin are linked to a wide range of behaviours, including aggression, mating behaviour and social attraction. These behaviours often differ between male morphs, suggesting that nonapeptides may mediate behavioural variation between morphs. We compared two morphs of a West African cichlid, Pelvicachromis pulcher, to test for differences in nonapeptide neuronal phenotypes. P. pulcher exhibit at least four distinct male colour morphs, of which the red and yellow morphs are the most common and have the best-described social and reproductive behaviours. Red males tend towards breeding as harem holders, whereas yellow males breed monogamously or act as satellite males on the territories of red males. Here, we examine nonapeptide-producing neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus in the red and yellow morphs. We found that the more aggressive polygynous red morph has larger parvocellular oxytocin and vasotocin-producing neurons, as well as larger gigantocellular oxytocin neurons, compared to the yellow morph. We did not find any association between the number of oxytocin or vasotocin cells and male morph. Our results suggest that the production of oxytocin and vasotocin in the preoptic area may play a role in determining morph-typical behaviour among P. pulcher males.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".