Constructing Nanoparticle-Integrated CoWO <sub>4</sub> Microflakes as a Promising Cathode Material for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exploring a satisfactory cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) represents a critical advancement toward sustainable, safe, and cost-effective energy storage solutions. In this study, cobalt tungstate (CoWO 4 ) hierarchical microflakes are successfully fabricated via a facile, scalable chemical precipitation-calcination strategy with the aid of hydrazine. The structural evolution is systematically investigated through calcination at 400–700 °C. When assembled by CoWO 4 /Zn batteries, a redox couple at approximately 1.4/1.7 V appears on the cyclic voltammetry profiles. The hierarchical microflakes demonstrate impressive zinc-ion storage performance compared to their microrod counterparts. Specifically, the optimized architecture delivers enhanced initial discharge capacity (177.6 mAh g –1 ), exceptional cycling stability (92.9% capacity retention with reference to the 50th after 1000 cycles) at 0.1 A g –1, improved rate capability (73.7 mAh g –1 at 2 A g –1 ), and a faster zinc-ion diffusion coefficient (9.85 × 10 –13 cm 2 s –1 ). This is attributed to the enlarged active surface area and optimized ion transport pathways. This study not only presents the first demonstration of Zn/CoWO 4 half-cell performance in an aqueous electrolyte but also establishes a viable strategy for designing hierarchical transition-metal tungstate architectures for advanced energy storage applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".