COMPARISON OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL INGREDIENTS FROM A WILD POPULATION OF ST. JOHN'S WORT (HYPERICUM PERFORATUM) IN ITS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT VERSUS INTENSIVE CULTIVATION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum, widely recognized as St. John's wort, is a member of the Hypericaceae family. This herb is noted for its therapeutic properties, particularly its potent anti-inflammatory and antidepressant effects. The present study aims to analyze the essential oil content and its characteristics from a natural population of the plant in its native habitat, as well as from an intensively cultivated population in Larissa during the year 2023. The population originates from Ellinopirgos, Karditsa, situated on Agrafa Mountain at an altitude of 650 meters. The harvest was carried out manually on two occasions (the first on 10/6/2023 and the second on 19/7/2023) for the population established in the Larissa region under intensive cultivation, while it was performed once (on 25/6/2023) for the natural population located in the Ellinopirgos area. Following each sampling, the collected samples were sent to the laboratory for drying until a stable weight was reached. A sufficient number of samples from both locations were subjected to hydrodistillation to obtain the essential oil, using a Clevenger apparatus in the Laboratory. The results indicated a variation in the components of the essential oils, with certain substances exhibiting a zero percent content depending the sampling. These substances included: cadinene-δ, cadinene-γ, cadinol-α, dodecanol-n, (E)-β-farnesene, himachalene-β, himachalene-γ, himachalol, limonene, muurolene-γ, myrcene, nonane (N-), pinene-β, and undecane (N-). Additionally, among the other detected substances, which were caryophyllene (E-), caryophyllene-oxide, himachalene-α, pinene-α, selinene-α, selinene-β, spathulenol, and tetradecanol (n-), statistically significant differences were observed between the two cuts in intensive cultivation as well as across the various environments. This control study serves as a basis for further research into other natural populations to determine whether the essential oil content and its characteristics are influenced by the ecological conditions of the area or are inherent to the biotype. The presentation of these findings may provide a crucial cultivation guide for St. John's wort, aiding in the selection of areas and populations with the ultimate goal of optimizing its production (experiments in progress).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".