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Record W4416785297 · doi:10.1093/cjres/rsaf046

Making water ‘public’ in Bordeaux

2025· article· en· W4416785297 on OpenAlexaff
David A. McDonald

Bibliographic record

VenueCambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicWater Governance and Infrastructure
Canadian institutionsQueen's University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGrassrootsPoliticsMetropolitan areaAmbivalenceAccidentalPublic work

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract In 2023, water services in the metropolitan region of Bordeaux became public again for the first time in 70 years, part of a growing remunicipalisation trend in France. It is a relatively fragile example of remunicipalisation, however, insofar as its creation was somewhat accidental and largely top-down, with limited political and grassroots support. The transition has also been very technocratic, raising questions about its political sustainability. Ambivalent support for l’Eau Bordeaux Métropole (EBM) as a public water operator amongst staff and management, and a lack of public awareness, could also make it difficult to formalise some of the more far-reaching political goals of the organisation. Despite these limitations, EBM has emerged as a paradigmatic example of a ‘social democratic’ public water operator with important lessons for other cities in France and beyond.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.675
Threshold uncertainty score0.218

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.293
Teacher spread0.271 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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