Exploring the Efficacy of Melatonin in Alleviating Menopausal Symptoms in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Patients with hormone-positive breast cancer (BC) who are receiving antihormone medications suffer from complications, including hot flashes, decreased libido, and mood changes due to artificial menopause. Considering the positive effects of melatonin administration on ameliorating hot flashes and depression in postmenopausal women, we aimed to examine the effects of melatonin supplementation on menopausal-related complications in BC patients who were receiving antihormone medications. Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in the hematology-oncology clinic of Omid hospital, Isfahan, Iran, during 1-year patients’ recruitment. Adult patients with BC who were being treated with selective estrogen receptor modulator family drugs or aromatase inhibitors while they were complaining of menopausal complications were included. Melatonin (3 mg) or an identical placebo was administered twice a day orally. Several questionnaires, including the Menopause Rating Scale, the Menopause - specific Quality of Life-Intervention and the Female Sexual Function Index, were applied for the evaluation of comparison items. Results: Sixty patients fulfilled the requirements to complete the four-week treatment. There were no significant differences in patients’ baseline clinical characteristics. Supplementation by melatonin was associated with a significant decrease in frequency and severity of hot flashes, and the mean score of menopausal symptoms. The quality of life and sexual function were enhanced by a four-week melatonin treatment. Conclusion: Considering the effect of melatonin on menopausal complications and quality of life during menopause and sexual function scores in people undergoing BC antihormone treatment, melatonin can be considered a potential candidate to include in the treatment regimen of BC patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".