The Role of Lifestyle Behaviors in Early Childhood Obesity: Insights from Pre-School Populations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim: Childhood obesity is an escalating global health concern. Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial to inform effective prevention strategies. This study explored lifestyle behaviors, including chrono-nutrition and sedentary behaviors, associated with overweight/obesity among Saudi pre-school children. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 450 children aged 3-6 years from 20 pre-schools assessed chrono-nutrition, sedentary, and sleep behaviors through questionnaires filled by parents/guardians. Height, weight, and skinfold thickness were measured. BMI was calculated using International Obesity Task Force classifications for children aged 2-18. Results: Overweight/obesity prevalence in preschoolers was 22.67%. Weight, skinfold, and body fat percentage were significantly higher among the overweight/obese group (p<0.001). A significant association (p=0.009) was observed between sleeping time and BMI. However, insignificant associations were observed between BMI and chrono-nutrition or physical activity. Logistic regression analysis revealed that evening (OR=0.142, 95%CI: 0.024-0.834, p=0.031) and irregular screen time (OR=0.162, 95%CI: 0.036-0.730, p=0.018) as well as more than two hours of napping (OR=0.268, 95%CI: 0.073-0.987, p=0.048) were associated with lower odds of overweight or obesity status. Conclusions: Selected lifestyle behaviors exhibited significant associations with lower overweight/obesity among preschoolers. Future studies on pre-school children's lifestyle behaviors are warranted to enhance preventive health education and health promotion among young children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".