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Design and Implementation of a Controlled Ransomware Framework for Educational Purposes Using Flutter Cryptographic APIs on Desktop PCs and Android Devices

2025· article· W4416799830 on OpenAlexaff
James Xi Gu, Ahmed Sartaj, Md. Siddiqur Rahman Khan, Rashid Hussain Khokhar

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Language
FieldComputer Science
TopicAdvanced Malware Detection Techniques
Canadian institutionsAlgoma University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsAndroid (operating system)CryptographyRansomwareEncryptionCryptographic primitiveKey (lock)Scope (computer science)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This study focuses on the creation and implementation of ransomware for educational purposes that leverages Python’s native cryptographic APIs in a controlled environment. Additionally, an Android version of the framework is implemented using Flutter and Dart. For both versions, opensource cryptographic libraries are utilized. With this framework, researchers can systematically explore the functionalities of ransomware, including file encryption processes, cryptographic key management, and victim interaction dynamics. To ensure safe experimentation, multiple safeguards are incorporated, such as the ability to restrict the encryption process to a specific directory, providing the RSA private key for immediate decryption, and narrowing the scope of targetable files to a carefully curated list (.txt, .jpg, .csv, .doc). This paper draws inspiration from the infamous WannaCry ransomware and aims to simulate its behaviour on Android devices. By making the codebase opensource, it enables users to study, modify, and extend the program for pedagogical purposes and offers a hands-on tool that can be used to train the next generation of cybersecurity professionals.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.530
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.024
GPT teacher head0.356
Teacher spread0.332 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreMethods

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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