A review of solar absorption chillers and thermal storage by phase change materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The emergence of advanced absorption chillers designed for the effective utilisation of low-grade thermal energy indicates a notable advancement in the discipline of cooling technology. These chillers, which range from small air-cooled systems to larger solar-gas-fired units, are specifically designed to address the escalating requisites for environmentally sustainable cooling alternatives. This paper presents a comprehensive review of solar absorption chillers and their integration with thermal energy storage systems, with a focus on the application of phase change materials (PCMs). It analyses the performance and configurations of single, double, and triple-effect chillers, along with the role of various solar thermal collectors in delivering the required input temperatures for cooling applications. Sensible, thermochemical, and latent heat storage methods are explored, emphasising cascade PCM systems for improved thermal efficiency and load flexibility. While the review highlights the significant potential of solar-powered absorption chillers in advancing sustainable cooling, particularly in hot climates such as those found in Africa, it also identifies key research gaps. These include the limited analysis of medium-temperature cooling demand (2–12°C), the need for integrated thermal storage systems using PCMs for multi-level cooling demands, and the lack of region-specific feasibility studies in diverse African conditions. Overall, the paper offers valuable insights into optimising solar absorption cooling technologies through effective storage integration and system design, supporting their broader adoption in energy efficient, low carbon applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".