Use of pre-workout dietary supplements is associated with lower sleep duration among adolescents and young adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Pre-workout dietary supplements are commonly used among young people. • Pre-workout dietary supplements have high levels of caffeine. • Use of pre-workout is associated with lower sleep duration among young people. This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of pre-workout dietary supplements and average sleep duration among adolescents and young adults. Data from Wave 2 of the Canadian Study of Adolescent Behaviors ( N = 912) were analyzed. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the cross-sectional association between the use of pre-workout dietary supplements in the past 12 months and average sleep duration in the past 2 weeks. Adolescents and young adults who reported pre-workout dietary supplement use were at greater risk (RRR 2.53, 95% CI 1.27–5.05, p = 0.09) of reporting ≤5 h of average sleep per night relative to 8 h of sleep. Findings underscore that the high caffeine content of pre-workout dietary supplements is associated with shorter sleep durations, which are well below the recommended guidelines for adolescents and young adults. Health and mental health care professionals should educate pre-workout users on the association between use and sleep.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".