Embodying the Cost of a Predatory State: Depletion via Social Reproduction in Venezuela’s Crisis (2013–2021)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This article brings together the literatures of predation and depletion via social reproduction (DSR) to provide an explanation of the Venezuelan crisis (2013–2021). Venezuela’s gradual descent into a predatory state exacerbated the state’s reliance on the unpaid reproductive labor of women, which provoked gendered harms. We empirically examine DSR as exacerbated by predation that manifests in harms to citizenship entitlements, discursive harms, and bodily harms. The embodied consequences of the predatory state’s reliance on women’s labor manifest in the weakening of livelihoods, reproductive, labor, and political rights. The article proposes a framework to explain the embodied costs of the Venezuelan crisis, with the potential of explaining gendered aspects of the global authoritarian turn. The article broadens both the literature on the state capacity of predatory states by “embodying” it, and the literature on DSR by exploring forms of depletion that occur as a consequence of institutional decline and economic collapse.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".