Balancing Visual Outcome and Systemic Function: A Rare Case of Amantadine Keratopathy in a Patient with Severe Parkinson’s Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amantadine is a medication increasingly prescribed for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease with significant side effects including amantadine keratopathy. Amantadine keratopathy is a rare, dose-dependent, and cumulative disease process in which the drug amantadine causes severe corneal edema and subsequent decreased visual acuity. While the keratopathy is usually reversible upon discontinuation of the drug, this report details a unique case where drug termination was not an option, and co-management with the patient’s neurologist was necessary to balance visual outcomes and systemic function. A review of Parkinson’s disease along with the incidence, prevalence, and pathophysiology of amantadine keratopathy are discussed. Clinical considerations such as risk factors and dosing patterns for developing keratopathy from this drug are also presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".