Development of Laser Trimming of Embedded Resistors for Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT In the printed circuit board industry, the growing demand for a higher number of circuit components to be contained in smaller circuit areas requires that some of the passive components (resistors, capacitors, etc) are now embedded within the board. This allows for tighter component placement with lower via counts and has also increased the reliability of these devices. For thick film resistors, the resistor paste for embedded resistors is usually screen-printed on the surface of the PWB laminate (either copper or dielectric) that is patterned according to the circuit design. Current technologies require wet paste that is oven cured after placement. This paste process results in a resistor with a tolerance of 10-50% from the target value. Thin film resistors deposited on the PWB also show variation in their values. Resistor trimming is required to bring this tolerance down to about 1-5% as required by the PWB design. This paper discusses the implementation of passive resistor trimming for large panel manufacturing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".