Microstructure and Reliability of Low Ag, Bi-Containing Solder Alloys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Accelerated thermal cycling (ATC) was performed on a test vehicle which included various components, built with three low (or no) Ag, Bi-containing solders and compared to a baseline of SAC305 (Sn/Ag3%Cu 0.5%). Lead free SAC305 has become the default lead-free alloy for consumer electronic application use since the implementation of the RoHS legislation banning the use of Pb in solder. SAC305 however does not perform as well as SnPb in some key areas which are of importance to consumer electronic applications; specifically drop/shock performance and survival under accelerate thermal cycling conditions. Efforts have been made in the consumer sector to improve upon these properties of SAC305 by, for example reducing the amount of Ag in order to improve drop/shock performance, however an alternate alloy is still required to meet all of the existing concerns. It has been shown in the previous paper presented at last year’s ICSR conference “Assembly Feasibility and Property Evaluation of Low Ag, Bi-Containing Solder Alloys” that these alloys show promise in drop/shock performance. This work shows that these same Bi-containing ternary and quaternary alloys also show promise in ATC. ATC of 3000 cycles was performed from 0°C to 100°C. The results of the three Bi containing alloys were compared to SAC305. Additionally microstructural evaluation was performed at time zero and after ATC. Bi containing solders may prove to be adequate replacement for SAC305 in consumer electronic applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".