Microstructural Improvements of SAC Alloys with Bi Additions During Accelerated Thermal Cycling
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Tin based Pb-free solders continue to present challenges in high reliability applications, particularly when exposed to accelerated thermal conditions. Bi as an alloying element has been found to have beneficial properties, both by reducing the overall process temperature and through intrinsic material characteristics. This paper explores the microstructural evolution of three Pb-free solders; two have a near-eutectic composition in a quaternary system, while a third has a composition along the eutectic valley of a ternary compound. The properties and microstructures of each are compared to SAC305. Reduced amount of Ag, including one alloy with no Ag, are also examined. Changes to the bulk microstructure and the interfacial IMC between time of solidification and exposure to accelerated thermal cycling are explored and compared with reliability data. Two thermal cycling conditions are considered, 0 to 100°C and - 55 to 125°C.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it