The Chemical Nature of Bromide-Containing Conductive Anodic Filament
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Conductive anodic filament (CAF) is a failure mode in printed wiring boards (PWBs) which occur under high humidity and high voltage gradient conditions. The filament, a copper salt, grows from anode to cathode along the epoxy-glass interface. Ready et al have identified the salt as atacamite, Cu 2 (OH) 3 Cl. They have also shown that for solder fluxes containing high bromide concentration, a bromide containing CAF compound forms. Using a hot air solder level (HASL) fluid containing high bromide content a bromide containing CAF compound was created. This compound was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to be Cu 2 (OH) 3 Br and the electrochemical pre-cursors for its formation have been discussed. In addition, it has been shown using FTIR that the polyglycol constituent from the flux diffuses into the board during soldering. Ion chromatography was used to show that bromide ions from the flux also diffuse into the board material during soldering.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".