The Chemical Nature of Bromide-Containing Conductive Anodic Filament
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Conductive anodic filament (CAF) is a failure mode in printed wiring boards (PWBs) which occur under high humidity and high voltage gradient conditions. The filament, a copper salt, grows from anode to cathode along the epoxy-glass interface. Ready et al have identified the salt as atacamite, Cu 2 (OH) 3 Cl. They have also shown that for solder fluxes containing high bromide concentration, a bromide containing CAF compound forms. Using a hot air solder level (HASL) fluid containing high bromide content a bromide containing CAF compound was created. This compound was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to be Cu 2 (OH) 3 Br and the electrochemical pre-cursors for its formation have been discussed. In addition, it has been shown using FTIR that the polyglycol constituent from the flux diffuses into the board during soldering. Ion chromatography was used to show that bromide ions from the flux also diffuse into the board material during soldering.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".