Holocene tephrochronology in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, northwestern British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province (NCVP) of northwestern British Columbia and southwest Yukon is the most active volcanic region in Canada, including both the most recent eruption in Canada and the only eruption with known fatalities. However, little is known about the Holocene eruptive history of the region, in part due to the remoteness and inaccessibility of the volcanic centres. Here, we investigate the potential for volcanic ash (tephra) to identify Holocene volcanic activity in the NCVP. Major-element geochemistry, morphology, and mineralogy are described from the four previously reported tephra in the region, legacy samples from the University of Alberta tephra collection, and new tephra from lake sediment cores collected along an ∼165 km transect of the Stewart–Cassiar Highway. The sediment cores contained 5–9 newly described tephra for a total of at least 9–13 easily detectable tephras in this region, with a range of composition from basalt to phonolite. Repetition in geochemical signatures and difficulty in chronology results in an inability to confidently determine the number of tephra. Though very little proximal glass geochemical data exist to correlate to, these tephra are suggested to originate from Mount Edziza, Iskut Volcanic Field, and potentially Hoodoo Mountain. The majority of these tephra, some dispersed over ∼200–300 km, likely erupted from Mount Edziza, reinforcing the need for a better understanding of this volcanic complex and its hazards. Further exploration of volcanoes in the NCVP is required to establish proximal geochemistry to confirm the sources of these tephra.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".