Host-shifting pattern common in relatives: phylogenetic study of Sapindaceae-associated <i>Cameraria</i> (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), with a description and population genetics of <i>Cameraria serena</i> sp. nov.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Host shifting is a key driver of diversification in phytophagous insects, and multiple host shifts between the same host pairs within a single insect taxon may be one factor in their greater species richness compared to plants. The leaf-mining moth genus Cameraria (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) contains several Acer-feeding and Aesculus-feeding species, and their morphology implies multiple host shifts between Acer and Aesculus. We inferred phylogenetic relationships among these Cameraria species based on multilocus data, indicating that such host shifts occurred once in the Nearctic and twice in the Palearctic. We describeCameraria serena sp. nov., a Japanese Aesculus turbinata-feeder, which is sister to C. acericola, an East Asian Acer-feeder, rather than to European or North American Aesculus-feeders. Population genetic analyses revealed two genetic groups within C. serena, exhibiting different historical population dynamics but with almost completely overlapping current geographical distributions. Despite its strict host association, C. serena shows a phylogeographical structure incongruent with that of its host (Aesculus turbinata). This discrepancy, in light of the multiple shifting events inferred from the phylogenetic analysis, probably reflects delayed colonization of Aesculus turbinata by C. serena as well as differences between their dispersal abilities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".