Assessing environmental sustainability under risk and governance pressures: new insights from Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Environmental sustainability is a central concern in environmental economics, yet the effects of institutional quality and macroeconomic risks on sustainability outcomes remain underexplored, particularly in developed economies. This study examines how economic policy uncertainty (EPU), political risk (PRI), and governance quality (GOV) influence environmental sustainability in Canada, using the load capacity factor as a proxy. Utilizing quarterly data from 1990 to 2022, we apply the quantile-on-quantile regression method to capture heterogeneous and nonlinear relationships across different levels of environmental performance. Robustness is ensured through wavelet coherence analysis. The results reveal that EPU positively affects sustainability at higher quantiles, possibly due to precautionary shifts in policy or investment behavior. PRI also contributes positively in high-risk settings, reflecting the role of political institutions in environmental governance. Strong governance exhibits a consistently favorable impact across quantiles. Moreover, environmental innovation strengthens the positive effects of all three variables. These findings underscore the importance of adaptive institutions, risk-aware policymaking, and innovation-driven strategies for advancing environmental sustainability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".