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Record W4416916868 · doi:10.3390/risks13120233

Optimal Investment Considerations for a Single Cohort Life Insurance Portfolio

2025· article· en· W4416916868 on OpenAlexafffund
Sari Cahyaningtias, Petar Jevtić, Carl L. Gardner, Traian A. Pirvu

Bibliographic record

VenueRisks · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicInsurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
Canadian institutionsMcMaster University
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
KeywordsLife annuityVolatility (finance)PortfolioSharpe ratioStochastic volatilityLife insuranceStock (firearms)Investment strategyPresent value

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This study examines the portfolio optimization problem of an insurance company that issues an annuity, receives the associated premiums as a lump sum, and invests in a financial market. The insurer’s objective is to determine an investment strategy that minimizes the likelihood of defaulting on annuity payments before ceasing operations, where default occurs if the portfolio value, net of the annuity liability, becomes negative. Unlike the previous work, here the mortality intensity is stochastic and follows a Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) process. Dynamic programming is employed, and the value function is characterized by a Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation, and the former is linearized through the Legendre transform. Numerical results show that default probability declines with higher initial wealth and mortality intensity, while stochastic mortality volatility has little impact—though slightly higher volatility marginally reduces default risk. Optimal stock investment falls with increasing wealth and mortality intensity, and is nearly constant for low wealth levels. Mortality volatility has minimal influence, but a higher Sharpe ratio raises optimal investment, underscoring the role of risk-adjusted returns.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.421
Threshold uncertainty score0.720

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.068
GPT teacher head0.355
Teacher spread0.288 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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