A novel compressed air and thermochemical energy storage system integrated with two-step ceria chemical looping cycle for hydrogen and sulfur production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel compressed air energy and thermochemical energy storage system is holistically integrated with a two-step ceria chemical looping cycle to produce compressed hydrogen, elemental sulfur, and electric power. Unlike conventional methane-based reduction, this process employs hydrogen sulfide as the reducing agent. To implement this concept, the developed integrated energy system is adapted to operate in at least two operational modes (charging thermochemical cycle and discharging thermochemical cycle). Hydrogen sulfide from the industrial waste stream undergoes a two-step ceria chemical looping cycle using an oxygen carrier (OC), CeO 2 /Ce 2 O 3 redox pair. These reduced OC particles (Ce 2 O 3 ) are employed as thermochemical energy storage media to produce additional hydrogen during the discharging mode. The entire system, including both operational modes, is analyzed and modeled in the Aspen Plus software. Several sensitivity analyses, including input feed ratio, temperature, reduced OC flow rates, and oxidized OC flow rate, are conducted to assess the performance of the CeO 2 /Ce 2 O 3 redox pair over hydrogen sulfide. It is found that the charging mode of the thermochemical cycle does not follow stoichiometry, and maximum H 2 production is achieved at an H 2 S/CeO 2 ratio of 0.57. The storage of Ce 2 O 3 particles tends to produce 88.97 % more H 2 during the discharging mode. Both hydrogen and sulfur produced from both operational modes are stored in the tanks with a flow rate of 53.39 kg/day and 3.34 kg/day. The overall performance of the developed system is assessed to be 80.26 % as energy efficiency and 43.11 % as exergy efficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".