Effects of supplementing crude protein to feedlot bison heifers using canola meal or wheat-based distillers’ grains with solubles on feed intake, performance and carcass traits
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study evaluated how varying crude protein levels in rations that incorporated canola meal or wheat-based dried distillers’ grains with solubles as alternative protein sources affected growth performance, carcass traits, and liver mineral status in feedlot bison heifers. Ninety-six crossbred bison heifers (initial body weight; 215.5 ± 22.2 kg) were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: (i) a conventional control diet (CON), (ii) CON with canola meal (CM), or (iii) CON with wheat-based dried distillers’ grains with solubles (WDDGS). Diets were fed over a 302-d period, consisting of a 122-d backgrounding phase and a 180-d finishing phase. During the backgrounding phase, CM and WDDGS diets were formulated to 14.0% crude protein (CP) compared with 10.0% in the CON diet. In the finishing phase, CM and WDDGS diets were formulated to 14.0% CP compared to 12.5% in the CON diet. The dry matter intake (DMI) was lower (P = 0.04) in heifers fed CM and WDDGS (5.9 kg/d) compared to CON (6.2 kg/d) during backgrounding. However, average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio did not differ among treatments in any phase (backgrounding, finishing, or overall; P ≥ 0.27). Final body weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, ribeye area, backfat thickness, marbling occurrence, and liver abscess incidence were not affected by dietary treatment (P ≥ 0.20). Hepatic copper (P = 0.02) and zinc (P = 0.03) concentrations were greater in heifers fed by-product diets compared to CON. A pronounced seasonal pattern in DMI was observed with a peak occurring in summer and a nadir in the winter. These results indicate that bison heifers can achieve similar growth performance and carcass characteristics when fed diets formulated to 10.0% CP during backgrounding and 12.5% CP during finishing, and that increasing dietary CP to 14.0% through the inclusion of CM or WDDGS did not enhance productivity. These results indicate that CM or WDDGS can be fed as protein sources without compromising the performance of bison heifers.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it