Roles of ethylene in plant growth, development, and stress responses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ethylene, a pivotal gaseous phytohormone, regulates diverse processes in plant growth, development, and stress adaptation. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), ethylene perception by endoplasmic reticulum localized receptors initiates a canonical signaling cascade involving CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 1 (AtCTR1) and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (AtEIN2). This pathway culminates in nuclear translocation of AtEIN2-CEND and activation of the transcription factor AtEIN3/EIN3-LIKE1 (AtEIL1). Rice employs conserved (OsEIN2, OsCTR2, OsEIL1/2) and unique (Mao Huzi 3 [MHZ3], MHZ11, MHZ1) components for ethylene signaling, reflecting adaptations to semi-aquatic environments. Ethylene regulates developmental processes including seed germination, apical hook formation, root architecture, flowering, and senescence, often via intricate crosstalk with auxin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids. Ethylene signaling also influences rice yield-related traits such as grain filling, grain size, and starch biosynthesis. Moreover, ethylene modulates responses to abiotic stresses (such as submergence, hypoxia, salinity, drought, and temperature fluctuations) and nutrient imbalances. This review synthesizes current understanding of ethylene signaling and its functions, focusing on the model dicot Arabidopsis and the monocot rice (Oryza sativa). It highlights conserved and diverged mechanisms, underscoring ethylene's potential as a target for enhancing crop resilience and productivity in changing environments.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".