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Pennyroyal Oil

2000· book-chapter· en· W4416948702 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Peter S Spencer

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicPlant Toxicity and Pharmacological Properties
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPulegoneIngestionHerbMetaboliteAbortifacientEdema

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract American pennyroyal, Hedeoma pulegioides (Linne) Per soon (Fam. Labiatae), is distributed from Canada to Florida and west to Nebraska (7). Pennyroyal has a long history of folk-medicine use as an aromatic stimulant, a carminative, a diaphoretic, an emmenagogue and, among Native Americans, a treatment for headache (7). The herb and oil of pennyroyal (also known as Mentha pulegium) are used in flea collars for cats and dogs (4 ). The oil contains ()-methone, ( +)-isomethone, and an hepatotoxic monoterpene, R( +)-pulegone, which depletes plasma and hepatic glutathione. Pulegone is metabolized by human liver cytochrome P-450s to menthofuran (vide supra), a proximate hepatotoxic metabolite of pulegone (3,4). Rats treated with pulegone develop severe hepatotoxicity (3,5); the nervous system appears not to have been examined. Ingestion of pennyroyal in herbal teas has resulted in severe and some times fatal poisoning (1,2,6); most cases have occurred in adult women who used pennyroyal as an abortifacient (4). Two infants developed hepatic and neurologic illness after ingestion of home-brewed mint tea (2). One infant developed hepatic dysfunction and severe epileptic encephalopathy. Fulminant liver failure with cerebral edema and necrosis developed in the second. Sera from both individuals

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.394
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0130.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.023
GPT teacher head0.228
Teacher spread0.205 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2000
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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