Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Domoic acid (DA), a congener of the excitotoxin kainic acid (KA), is structurally related to the neurotransmitter glutamate (20,67,92). DA is found in the environment as a product of some sea organisms. This compound was first chemically identified following its isolation in 1957 from the seaweed Chondriaarmata found off the coast of Japan. In Japan, DA contained in seaweed extracts has been used as a home remedy to treat intestinal parasites, and as an insecticide (17,45). DA, purified from the seaweed, has been given orally to children in Japan at low doses (not exceeding 0.5 mg/kg); no ill effects have been reported (17). In late November 1987, reports of individuals who acutely developed gastrointestinal symptoms, confusion, memory loss, and motor symptoms were received by the Canadian Department of National Health and Welfare (56,77). The four index cases had eaten mussels cultured in eastern Prince Edward Island within 24 h of symptom onset. Additional patients were rapidly identified throughout Canada by an active search. Leftover mussels were analysed for paralytic shellfish toxin by a mouse bioassay: test mice manifested involuntary scratching of their shoulders with their hindlegs, a reaction not typical of paralytic shellfish poisoning. The distribution of mussels was suspended, and a public warning against eating mussels from eastern Canada was issued (56,77).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".