In vitro embryo production in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) using oocytes recovered post-mortem and cryopreserved spermatozoa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Iberian lynx ( Lynx pardinus ), once considered the most endangered felid in the world, has become a remarkable example of conservation success thanks to intensive ex situ and in situ management efforts. However, the long-term viability of the species remains under threat. The implementation of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) would contribute to ensure the species viability, but the use of ARTs is limited in this species and there are still important gaps in the knowledge of its physiology. Here, we report the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) and early embryo development in the Iberian lynx using oocytes retrieved post-mortem and cryopreserved spermatozoa. Oocytes from six females were subjected to in vitro maturation using two sets of conditions. In the first series, oocytes incubated in vitro for 24 h, exhibited a very low proportion (0–37 %) reaching metaphase II (MII). Attempted IVF with cryopreserved spermatozoa resulted in no fertilization. In a second series, oocytes were incubated in vitro for 28 h; grade I-II oocytes exhibited 40 % maturation rate (MII), whereas grade III oocytes showed 28 % maturation rate. Matured oocytes from one female were co-incubated with cryopreserved sperm for 18 h resulting in cleavage rates of 39.3 % (grade I–II) and 7.1 % (grade III) and the opportunity to vitrify one blastocyst and six morulae. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using ARTs in this species, validating domestic cat protocols for Iberian lynx gametes, and providing a foundation for further refinement of IVF protocols, embryo cryopreservation, and ultimately, embryo transfer strategies for use in conservation programs. • Iberian lynx oocytes collected post-mortem were successfully matured in vitro . • Cryopreserved Iberian lynx sperm were able to fertilize IVM homologous oocytes generating embryos. • Assisted reproduction could contribute to genetic rescue in the Iberian lynx.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".