Assessing Coronary Artery Disease Risk Using Seismocardiography in Patients with Chest Pain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study introduces the EMR Score, a novel approach that integrates seismocardiography (SCG) features with clinical risk factors to estimate the pre-test probability of coronary artery disease (CAD) while focusing solely on chest pain presence. Data were collected from a multicenter randomized trial enrolling 1,640 participants, including 740 patients diagnosed with obstructive CAD and 900 healthy controls. CAD diagnosis was confirmed using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) or invasive coronary angiography (ICA). SCG and electrocardiography (ECG) signals were recorded using the HeartForce CardioClin device. The EMR Score was developed using a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) trained on SCG-derived features and clinical variables, including age, sex, smoking status, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, family history, and chest pain presence. The final model produced probabilities for CAD and non-CAD outcomes, optimized using categorical cross-entropy and the Adam optimizer, with performance evaluated via cross-validation. Unlike traditional models that rely on chest pain subtyping, the EMR Score follows the American Heart Association's (AHA) recommendation to prioritize chest pain as a key screening factor, reducing interobserver variability and improving applicability across diverse populations. The EMR Score outperformed the AHA model, achieving a higher AUC (0.85 vs. 0.74) and improved specificity (42% vs. 35%) while maintaining high sensitivity (96% vs. 90%). It also reclassified many intermediate-risk patients (69% in the AHA model vs. 19%), shifting them to low- (25%) or high-risk (55%) categories, where CAD prevalence was 8% and 70%, respectively. By eliminating subjective symptom classification and leveraging SCG-derived features, the EMR Score provides a scalable, cost-effective screening tool that enhances CAD risk stratification and optimizes clinical decision-making.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".