Tropical Cyclones Drive Enhanced Inorganic Iodine in the Mid‐Latitude Upper Troposphere
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Halogens deplete tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, but the role of iodine is still elusive. Atmospheric iodine mainly originates from marine inorganic (I 2 , HOI) and organic (CH 3 I, CH 2 I 2 , CH 2 IBr, and CH 2 ICl) emissions. We report on airborne measurements of atmospheric iodine oxide (IO) concentrations up to 15 km altitude from two flights of the WISE campaign over the mid‐Atlantic in September and October 2017. IO is retrieved from limb scattered skylight in the upper troposphere (UT) using the airborne mini‐DOAS instrument on board the German High Altitude and LOng range research aircraft (HALO). Elevated IO (maximum , mean over ) was observed in the UT in air masses processed by category 5 hurricanes Irma and Maria. Our findings show that enhanced IO mixing ratios are driven by fast vertical transport through tropical cyclones and potentially enhanced marine iodine emissions due to associated high surface winds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".