North Atlantic response to a quasi-realistic Greenland meltwater forcing in eddy-rich EC-Earth3P-VHR hosing simulations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. The vast majority of studies examining the impact of freshwater from ice sheet melting on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) use climate models that cannot resolve mesoscale ocean processes and do not include an accurate spatio-temporal distribution of the freshwater forcing. These two factors critically affect the nature of the AMOC response. Our study fills that gap with a set of three hosing experiments performed with the global configurations of the eddy-rich climate model EC-Earth3P-VHR. The model is forced for 21 years with a spatial and monthly distribution of Greenland meltwater fluxes derived from observations, equal to 0.04 Sv on an annual average. Within the first year, we observe a response of reduced salinity in the Greenland and Labrador currents. This is accompanied by an acceleration and a cooling along the currents that lead to a rapid weakening of the AMOC at subpolar latitudes. Around year 7, deep mixing in the Labrador Sea begins to weaken due to as freshwater anomalies accumulate through lateral exchanges with the boundary currents. This shallowing of the mixed layer further weakens the AMOC, resulting in a stronger reduction that reaches also the subtropical latitudes. By the end of the simulation, the AMOC has weakened by almost 3 Sv at subppolar latitudes (i.e. a decrease of around 20 %), with an average relative decrease of 10 % for the whole Northern Hemisphere. The reduction in the AMOC is strong enough for some global climate impacts to emerge, such as the “bipolar seesaw” temperature response.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".