Numerical study of the gas flow characteristics formed by composite nozzles under oxygen blowing conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper involves results of numerical modeling in ANSYS of the behavior of gas flows emanating from composite nozzles (consisting of two concentrically placed hollow cylinders with different shares of the peripheral annular part; the same gas (oxygen) is supplied through the inner and outer parts). The study was conducted for different designs of composite nozzles: with 25%, 50%, and 75% peripheral fractions of the nozzle with the same outer nozzle diameter and equal total cross-sectional area. The results were compared with the results of numerical modeling of blowing through a cylindrical nozzle and a Laval nozzle with similar equivalent nozzle diameters. It was found that the peripheral part of the composite-type flow is more responsible for the characteristics of the gas jet formed and its axial velocity parameters. Accordingly, at a peripheral fraction of 25%, a flow is formed with characteristics close to the flow that is formed by a Laval nozzle. When the peripheral fraction is increased to 50% and 75%, a more complex multi-node structure of interacting flows is formed. It is reflected and confirmed by the shadow imaging method and by interaction with a liquid bath using the air–water model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".