The associations between cardiovascular health, physical activity, and menopausal status in pre- and post-menopausal females living with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In females, menopause reduces estrogen and its cardioprotective effects, doubling cardiovascular disease risk, and nearly doubling stroke risk within 10 years post-menopause. Poor cardiovascular health markers are common post-stroke, increasing recurrent stroke risk. Physical activity improves cardiovascular health in postmenopausal females and post-stroke individuals, yet no studies have explored its relationship with cardiovascular health and menopausal status in females post-stroke. This study investigated (1) the association between physical activity and cardiovascular health in females with stroke and (2) the moderating role of menopausal status on this association. Baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging were analyzed, including females with stroke who provided menopausal status, self-reported physical activity, cardiovascular outcomes, and covariates. Generalized linear models with analytic weights assessed associations between cardiovascular health measures and physical activity, controlling for age, and smoking history. Subsequent models evaluated the interaction between physical activity and menopausal status. Among 1468 females with stroke ( n = 103 (7%) pre- or perimenopausal females), physical activity was beneficially associated with reductions in systolic blood pressure (ß = −0.02, p = 0.04), waist circumference (ß = −0.03, p < 0.01), waist-to-hip ratio (ß = −0.00009, p = 0.03), and C-Reactive protein (ß = −0.007, p < 0.02). There were no significant interactions between physical activity and menopausal status for all outcomes. Physical activity positively impacts cardiovascular health in females with stroke, irrespective of menopausal status. This study lays groundwork for longitudinal research examining cardiovascular differences between pre- and postmenopausal females with stroke.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".