Translation and Adaptation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Revised and Rugged Resilience Measure: A Mixed-Method Study Among Adolescents in Nepal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Resilience, the capacity to adapt positively in adversity, is a key protective factor for adolescent well-being, particularly for depression and anxiety, which are highly prevalent among adolescents in Nepal. Accurate measurement across cultural contexts is essential to identify at-risk adolescents and understand protective mechanisms. This study culturally adapted and evaluated the psychometric properties of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Revised (CYRM-R) and Rugged Resilience Measure (RRM) in Nepal to ensure cultural relevance, reliability, and validity. This mixed-method study focused on poverty-affected adolescents in Kathmandu, using focus group discussions, cognitive interviews, pilot assessments, and a cross-sectional survey. The findings indicated Nepali versions of CYRM-R and RRM were acceptable, comprehensible, and relevant based on qualitative feedback. Most items showed item-total correlations between 0.2 and 0.5, indicating good discrimination, and internal consistency was satisfactory (α and ω > 0.7). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a unidimensional structure, with an alternative two-factor solution explored for CYRM-R. Test-retest reliability was moderate overall, with some subscales less consistent. Both tools demonstrated strong psychometric properties, including face, content, convergent, and known-groups validity. The Nepali CYRM-R and RRM provide culturally robust tools for assessing adolescent resilience, supporting researchers, educators, and policymakers in designing targeted interventions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".