Evaluation of aztreonam/avibactam gradient test strip and aztreonam-ceftazidime/avibactam broth disk elution method for susceptibility testing of metallo-β-lactamase positive carbapenemase-producing bacteria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) present significant therapeutic challenges due to resistance to most β-lactam agents, including carbapenems. Aztreonam combined with avibactam (ATM/AVI) provides a promising treatment strategy, but standardized antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods remain limited. This study evaluated the performance of the MTS™ ATM/AVI gradient strip (Liofilchem) with the CLSI-recommended ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam (CZA/ATM) broth disk elution (BDE) method in 36 CPE and 9 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates. Categorical agreement between these methods was 97.2 % for CPE and 88.9 % for S. maltophilia. Whole-genome sequencing was used for discrepancy analysis. Based on accuracy, reproducibility, and ease of use, the ATM/AVI gradient strip was selected as the preferred method for clinical laboratory testing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".