Assembling Pangaea – The Complex Morphology of the Laurussia – Gondwana Collision
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Late Paleozoic convergence and collision between Gondwana and Laurentia resulted in along-strike variations in the Alleghanian–Mauritanide–Variscan orogeny during the assembly of the greater part of Pangaea. A series of ca. 380–290 Ma events segmented the orogen into two principal geodynamic domains with contrasting tectonic evolutions. In the northeast, the European Variscan belt records multiple subduction–collisional tectonic events, including indentation by Laurussian and later Gondwanan promontories and by Gondwana-derived terranes. Late-stage events (330–290 Ma) produced strongly curved deformation belts (oroclines), and late- to post-orogenic extension. In contrast, the southern Appalachians formed south-west of the promontory collisions where subduction of Rheic Ocean remnants produced a continuous Andean-style orogenic arc that preceded ca. 290 Ma terminal collision. We explain Pangaea amalgamation using a global model of mantle convection like that of modern Earth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".