Fault-Tolerant Control of a Coaxial Tilt-Rotor eVTOL Aircraft via a Precise Faulty Factor Observer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes a fault-tolerant control strategy based on a precise faulty factor observer for a coaxial tilt-rotor (CTR) eVTOL aircraft to counteract a rotor's loss-of-effectiveness (LOE) fault. A force/torque-calculation-based (FCB) observer is designed to estimate the rotor faulty factor. Combining the estimated information, an attitude controller and a velocity controller are developed to address the LOE fault. These controllers are designed to theoretically ensure that the CTR-eVTOL maintains stable flight and achieves fault-tolerant control even when confronted with a 100% LOE fault in one rotor. To further illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy, ground bench tests involving comparative controllers and a real-time flight experiment are conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that the designed fault-tolerant control strategy can effectively address the LOE fault, enhancing the safety of the CTR-eVTOL during flight.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".