Fault-Tolerant Control of a Coaxial Tilt-Rotor eVTOL Aircraft via a Precise Faulty Factor Observer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes a fault-tolerant control strategy based on a precise faulty factor observer for a coaxial tilt-rotor (CTR) eVTOL aircraft to counteract a rotor's loss-of-effectiveness (LOE) fault. A force/torque-calculation-based (FCB) observer is designed to estimate the rotor faulty factor. Combining the estimated information, an attitude controller and a velocity controller are developed to address the LOE fault. These controllers are designed to theoretically ensure that the CTR-eVTOL maintains stable flight and achieves fault-tolerant control even when confronted with a 100% LOE fault in one rotor. To further illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy, ground bench tests involving comparative controllers and a real-time flight experiment are conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that the designed fault-tolerant control strategy can effectively address the LOE fault, enhancing the safety of the CTR-eVTOL during flight.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".