Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) Smart Contact Lens (SCL) for the Wireless Monitoring of Intra-Ocular Health
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a novel smart contact lens (sCL) for wireless ocular monitoring, fabricated using LaserInduced Graphene (LIG) directly patterned on a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) substrate. The antenna, designed as a planar loop structure, is integrated with an EM4152 RFID microchip and a tuning inductor, forming a fully passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) system. The device was tested on a porcine eye phantom, which mimics the anatomy and dielectric properties of the human eye. Electromagnetic simulations guided the antenna design to balance miniaturization constraints with radiation performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the 6 mm diameter loop performs stable communication at a distance of nearly 2 cm, achieving a measured realized gain of −37 dB at 915 MHz. These findings validate the feasibility of LIG-based RFID sCLs for non-invasive, real-time eye health monitoring using a compact handheld reader.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".