Electrochromic materials based on surface-confined terpyridine assemblies prepared via click chemistry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, we propose a methodology to create electrochromic materials (ECMs) using an on-surface click chemistry approach. We demonstrate that the click reaction between azide-terminated on-surface siloxane template ((4-azidophenyl)- or (4-(azidomethyl)phenyl)- siloxane layers) and the electrochromic (EC) molecular unit bearing accessible triple bonds, (bis-4'-(4-ethynyl-phenyl)-2,2':6′,2″-terpyridine) iron (II) complex), allows for an effective covalent embedding of well-defined molecular EC units into the porous conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) support. We show that minor structural modifications of the molecular moieties of the templating layer result in notable changes in the packing densities of the molecules on the surface of the support and significantly affect the performance and stability of the resulting EC materials. In more detail, the presence of only one additional CH 2 unit in the templating layer results in higher packing density on the surface. Resulting EC devices demonstrate rapid switching times on par with ED devices that utilize similar terpyridine-based EC moieties attached to the templating layer via N-alkylation and overall better long-term cycling durability. The click approach enables the construction of diverse EC molecular architectures, facilitating precise structural design and property tuning. We believe that the presented methodology holds significant promise for developing a broad range of novel EC materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".