Consumption of urban figs dominated by a small subset of native and introduced bird species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ficus (fig) plants are one of the most important food sources in tropical and subtropical areas. While studies have investigated fig-bird interactions, the knowledge for Taiwan is comparatively modest. Therefore, the goal of this study was to learn more about the natural history of avian frugivores in urban fig trees in Taiwan using observational surveys. During almost 250h of observation, we recorded the species richness and prevalence of birds in 33 fig trees. Visitation rates of fig trees were related to fruit abundance and time of day. Furthermore, we showed that bird species richness in urban fig trees was lower than in non-urban fig trees, and that the few species which dominated in urban fig trees were a small subset of the native and introduced bird species found in the surrounding urban bird communities. Since we observed a relatively high prevalence of introduced bird species in fig trees, we suggest that the year-round availability of figs is an additional factor for introduced bird species to be able to successfully establish themselves. Thus, fig trees appear to be an important resource for urban frugivorous birds and especially for introduced bird species which are already familiar with figs from their native countries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".