Evaluation of Wireless Wave Propagation Models in Underground Mines: From Simplified Approaches to 3D Scanning and Digital Twins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wireless communication in underground mines presents unique challenges due to the complex topology and harsh environment, characterized by wave attenuation from rock materials and surface irregularities. This paper evaluates the use of 3D scanning to create a Digital Twin (DT) for modeling wave propagation in such environments. Three different models—simplified geometry, simplified geometry with surface irregularities, and a detailed 3D scan—are compared in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. Experimental RSSI measurements at 2.4 GHz are used to validate the models. Results demonstrate that while the 3D scan offers slightly higher accuracy, the simplified model provides a good trade-off between accuracy and computational time, making it suitable for practical applications. This study highlights the potential of Digital Twins for optimizing wireless network deployment and ensuring reliable communication in underground mines, with implications for safety, remote vehicle operation, and real-time monitoring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".