A Pattern Reconfigurable All-Metallic Circularly Polarized Antenna for 5G Iot Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents an all-metallic, pattern reconfigurable circularly polarized antenna designed for fifth-generation (5G) Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The proposed antenna features a box-shaped structure with a spiral slot antenna on each face, allowing dynamic beam steering in the azimuth plane through port switching. Each antenna element can alternately function as a radiator or a reflector, forming a reconfigurable cavity structure to achieve efficient beam control. The design utilizes a single metal layer, simplifying fabrication while maintaining high durability and performance. The antenna achieves a maximum right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) realized gain of 6.64 dBi at 3.5 GHz, with a simulated axial ratio beamwidth of 51.3° and 55.4° in the elevation and azimuth planes, respectively. The proposed antenna achieves a bandwidth from 3.06 GHz to 3.61 GHz with an$\mathrm{S}_{11}$of less than –10 dB.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".